Emerging technologies, cross-border reproduction, and international law.
Catherine Marin DeUgarte, MD
Reproductive Endocrinologist & Infertility Specialist
More people are building families later, alone, or across borders — while the IVF lab, the legal framework, and access itself were all designed for a narrower world.
A typical cycle spans 4–6 weeks from the start of medication to the pregnancy test. Frozen embryo transfers can extend the timeline but often improve outcomes.
Electing motherhood on their own timeline, with donor sperm and their own or donor eggs.
Building families through egg donation and gestational surrogacy.
Third-party reproduction is now a mainstream path, not an exception.
Traveling for access, cost, or legality unavailable at home.
Computer-vision models score embryo morphology and predict viability from time-lapse imaging — standardizing a judgment that has long varied embryologist to embryologist.
Time-lapse imaging tracks embryo development cell by cell
The EmbryoScope is a time-lapse incubator with a built-in microscope camera that photographs embryos every 10–20 minutes — allowing embryologists to observe development without removing embryos from the stable incubator environment.
Watch EmbryoScope Video ↗Click to watch on YouTube — EmbryoScope Blastocyst Development
Robotics and microfluidics are automating the most delicate steps — ICSI injection, culture, cryopreservation — to cut human variability, improve consistency, and let a single lab safely handle far more cycles.
Conceivable Life Sciences — robotic IVF automation platform
Miniaturized, self-contained culture systems integrate ovarian stimulation monitoring, egg handling, fertilization, and embryo incubation into one portable unit. The goal: bring IVF-quality embryology to clinics in regions that could never fund a full traditional lab.
"The vision is a plug-and-play fertility unit that a regional hospital can install the way it installs an MRI — not a specialty lab that requires a $2M build-out and a team of embryologists."
— IVF automation industry consensus, 2025
Enables parenthood for those who cannot carry — single men, same-sex couples, and patients with medical contraindications.
Screened, matched, and increasingly standardized — the backbone of single-parent and cross-border family building.
USA (most states), Canada (altruistic only), UK (altruistic), Australia, Georgia, Ukraine, Greece
Russia (foreigners banned since 2023), Thailand (citizens only), Cambodia (recent ban)
France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Japan, China (commercial) — parentage disputes common for citizens born abroad
Surrogacy, donation, and single-parent access are legal in some countries, restricted in others, and banned in many — so patients cross borders, and children are born into a patchwork of citizenship, parentage, and legal-recognition disputes that international law has yet to resolve.
A Los Angeles practice serving single parents by choice, LGBTQ+ families, and international patients — already delivering donor, surrogacy, and cross-border care, and positioned to adopt AI and lab automation as they mature. The future of IVF isn't abstract here; it's the daily caseload.
AI and automation are raising success rates and lowering variability — from AI embryo scoring to fully robotic ICSI.
Portable IVF-in-a-Box systems and third-party reproduction open parenthood to more people in more places.
Cross-border care demands international legal frameworks for parentage and citizenship that don't yet exist.
Catherine Marin DeUgarte, MD
Pacific Fertility Center Los Angeles